Importance of Animals

    The BLUE VIPERRR rays from her can even melt the mountain there.

                               SAVE ANIMALS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Animals are important for many reasons, including the assistance they give to plant ecosystems, the psychological and emotional support they can offer to humans, and the knowledge gained from the human study of them. Some of the most important animals include primates, bats and bees.

One of the most important functions of animals is to help disperse seeds and pollinate plants. This provides vital support to a variety of fruit and vegetable crops, many of which would not survive without the help of animals. Primates, for example, help to disperse seeds through the fruits they eat. Bats also help spread seeds and pollinate a variety of plants. Bees are the most important animal to plant ecosystems. Many crops rely almost entirely on bees to spread and pollinate, including almonds, avocados, apricots and peaches. Without bees, the planet would face the prospect of mass starvation.
On an individual level, domesticated pets offer numerous emotional benefits to humans. Pets can offer the same type of social support that strong friendships do. A study published in Psychology Today found that pet owners have higher self-esteem and are more physically fit and more outgoing than those who don't have pets. Animal research also offers humans crucial insights into both themselves and the world around them. Primate research, for example, has given scientists significant knowledge about evolution, human origins and genetic coding.

THIS LOVE BETWEEN A MOTHER BEER AND A CHILD REMINDS ME OF MY MOTHER.

A man from Western Region helping a cow from a disease as the owner of the cow could do nothing to save his cow.. The man was traveling by the village and he saw the cow in trouble so he decided to help him.
This tells us that saving animals is saving nature which consequently helps in our improvement.

    THE PICTURES SAYS ITSELF>.............................................

 

Animal Environment, Housing, and Management

Proper housing and management of animal facilities are essential to animal well-being, to the quality of research data and teaching or testing programs in which animals are used, and to the health and safety of personnel. A good management program provides the environment, housing, and care that permit animals to grow, mature, reproduce, and maintain good health; provides for their well-being; and minimizes variations that can affect research results. Specific operating practices depend on many factors that are peculiar to individual institutions and situations. Well-trained and motivated personnel can often ensure high-quality animal care, even in institutions with less than optimal physical plants or equipment.

Many factors should be considered in planning for adequate and appropriate physical and social environment, housing, space, and management. These include

 

• •  The species, strain, and breed of the animal and individual characteristics, such as sex, age, size, behavior, experiences, and health.

  •  The duration of the holding period.

  • The design and construction of housing.

  • The availability or suitability of enrichments.

  • The presence of hazardous or disease-causing materials.

    
    

    
    

    Animals should be housed with a goal of maximizing species-specific behaviors and minimizing stress-induced behaviors. For social species, this normally requires housing in compatible pairs or groups. A strategy for achieving desired housing should be developed by animal care personnel with review and approval by the IACUC. Decisions by the IACUC in consultation with the investigator and veterinarian, should be aimed at achieving high standards for professional and husbandry practices considered appropriate for the health and well-being of the species and consistent with the research objectives. After the decision-making process, objective assessments should be made to substantiate the adequacy of animal environment, husbandry, and management.

    The environment in which animals are maintained should be appropriate to the species, its life history, and its intended use. For some species, it might be appropriate to approximate the natural environment for breeding and maintenance. Expert advice might be sought for special requirements associated with the experiment or animal subject (for example, hazardous-agent use, behavioral studies, and immunocompromised animals, farm animals, and nontraditional laboratory species).

    The following sections discuss some considerations of the physical environment related to common research animals.

     

    PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

    Microenvironment and Macroenvironment

    The microenvironment of an animal is the physical environment immediately surrounding it—the primary enclosure with its own temperature, humidity, and gaseous and particulate composition of the air. The physical environment of the secondary enclosure—such as a room, a barn, or an outdoor habitat—constitutes the microenvironment. Although the microenvironment and the macro-environment are linked by ventilation between the primary and secondary enclosures, the environment in the primary enclosure can be quite different from the environment in the secondary enclosure and is affected by the design of both enclosures.

    Measurement of the characteristics of the microenvironment can be difficult in small primary enclosures. Available data indicate that temperature, humidity, and concentrations of gases and particulate matter are often higher in an animal's microenvironment than in the macroenvironment conditions can induce changes in metabolic and physiologic processes or alterations in disease susceptibility (Broderson and others 1976; Schoeb and others 1982; Vesell and others 1976).

    Housing

    The primary enclosure (usually a cage, pen, or stall) provides the limits of an animal's immediate environment. Acceptable primary enclosures

  • Allow for the normal physiologic and behavioral needs of the animals, including urination and defecation, maintenance of body temperature, normal movement and postural adjustments, and, where indicated, reproduction.

  • Allow conspecific social interaction and development of hierarchies within or between enclosures.

  • Make it possible for the animals to remain clean and dry (as consistent with the requirements of the species).

  • Allow adequate ventilation.

  • Allow the animals access to food and water and permit easy filling, refilling, changing, servicing, and cleaning of food and water utensils.

  • Provide a secure environment that does not allow escape of or accidental entrapment of animals or their appendages between opposing surfaces or by structural openings.

  • Are free of sharp edges or projections that could cause injury to the animals.

Primary enclosures should be constructed with materials that balance the needs of the animal with the ability to provide for sanitation. They should have smooth, impervious surfaces with minimal ledges, angles, corners, and overlapping surfaces so that accumulation of dirt, debris, and moisture is reduced and satisfactory cleaning and disinfecting are possible. They should be constructed of durable materials that resist corrosion and withstand rough handling without chipping, cracking, or rusting. Less-durable materials, such as wood, can provide a more appropriate environment in some situations (such as runs, pens, and outdoor corrals) and can be used to construct perches, climbing structures, resting areas, and perimeter fences for primary enclosures. Wooden items might need to be replaced periodically because of damage or difficulties with sanitation.

 

 SOME IMPORTANT QUOTES ON ANIMALS

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